Biodesizing Cotton Fabric using Amylase Enzyme Produced from Raw Cotton Fabric Waste Fermented by Aspergillus Niger

Abstract

Biodesizing of woven fabric is needed to improve the absorption properties of the fabric. Biodesizing was carried out using amylase which hydrolyzed starch on woven fabrics. Commercial amylase production is limited. The amylase can be produced from Aspergillus niger fermentation on starch-containing substrates. The potential substrate for the fermentation process is raw cotton fabrics waste, which contains high starch and has not been utilized. Raw cotton fabrics waste cleaned and crushed. Aspergillus niger was inoculated on the substrate of raw cotton fabrics waste for 7 days at room temperature. Crude enzyme extracts were tested for amylase enzyme activites using the DNS method at temperatures of 30, 50, 70, and 90^oC and pH 3, 5, 7, 9. The amylase enzyme produced was used for biodesizing of raw cotton fabrics at 70^oC, pH 7, for 10, 30, 50 and 70 minutes. Biodesizing fabrics is carried out by weight reduction, absorbency, and fabric surface morphology. Enzyme activity test showed that the amylase worked effectively at 70^oC and pH 7. Crude enzyme hydrolize starch effectively at 70 minutes which result in 7.24% of weight reduction, 10 seconds absorption value, and smoother morphological surfaces.